[List of Contents - Rulings of prayer (Thozhugai sattangal book by MI Sulaiman)]
Qadaa Prayer (Fulfilling missed prayer)
The five times prayers should be completed at its specific times. It should not be postponed. Some people say other than praying the obligatory prayer in its specific time window, it can also be prayed later and beyond as well. It is also being referred by such as Qadaa prayer. This is incorrect.فَإِذَا قَضَيْتُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ قِيَامًا وَقُعُودًا وَعَلَىٰ جُنُوبِكُمْ ۚ فَإِذَا اطْمَأْنَنتُمْ فَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ ۚ إِنَّ الصَّلَاةَ كَانَتْ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ كِتَابًا مَّوْقُوتًا –
4:103
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL
And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allah standing, sitting, or [lying] on your sides. But when you become secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
The Prophet (pbuh) has also clearly mentioned the beginning time and the end time for the five times prayer. So the prayers should be completed within those times.
If a person forgets a prayer he should pray that prayer when he remembers it. If fallen asleep he should observe the prayer when he wakes up. This is the reparation.
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ، وَمُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم قَالَ " مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلاَةً فَلْيُصَلِّ إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا، لاَ كَفَّارَةَ لَهَا إِلاَّ ذَلِكَ ". {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلاَةَ لِذِكْرِي} قَالَ مُوسَى قَالَ هَمَّامٌ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ بَعْدُ {وَأَقِمِ الصَّلاَةَ لِذِكْرِي}.وَقَالَ حَبَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ، حَدَّثَنَا قَتَادَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَنَسٌ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَحْوَهُ.
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "If anyone forgets a prayer he should pray that prayer when he remembers it. There is no expiation except to pray the same." Then he recited: "Establish prayer for My (i.e. Allah's) remembrance." (20.14).
Reference : Sahih al-Bukhari 597
In-book reference : Book 9, Hadith 73
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 10, Hadith 571
(deprecated numbering scheme)
URL reference : http://sunnah.com/bukhari/9/73
وَحَدَّثَنَا نَصْرُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجَهْضَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا الْمُثَنَّى، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " إِذَا رَقَدَ أَحَدُكُمْ عَنِ الصَّلاَةِ أَوْ غَفَلَ عَنْهَا فَلْيُصَلِّهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ أَقِمِ الصَّلاَةَ لِذِكْرِي " .
Qatada reported it on the authority of Anas b. Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
When any one of you omits the prayer due to sleep or he forgets it, he should observe it when he remembers it, for Allah has said:" Observe prayer for remembrance of Me."
Reference : Sahih Muslim 684 d
In-book reference : Book 5, Hadith 405
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1457
(deprecated numbering scheme)
URL reference : http://sunnah.com/muslim/5/405
وَحَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الأَعْلَى، حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدٌ، عَنْ قَتَادَةَ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ، قَالَ قَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم " مَنْ نَسِيَ صَلاَةً أَوْ نَامَ عَنْهَا فَكَفَّارَتُهَا أَنْ يُصَلِّيَهَا إِذَا ذَكَرَهَا " .
Qatada narrated on the authority of Anas b. Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
He who forgets the prayer, or he slept (and it was omitted), its expiation is (only) that he should observe it when he remembers it.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 684 c
In-book reference : Book 5, Hadith 404
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1456
(deprecated numbering scheme)
URL reference : http://sunnah.com/muslim/5/404
Except for forgetfulness and sleep, any other reasons are not allowed for missing the prayer. Those who have missed the prayer in such manner, seeking forgiveness from Allah Almighty, correcting oneself by repentance is the solution.
فَخَلَفَ مِن بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَاتَّبَعُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ ۖ فَسَوْفَ يَلْقَوْنَ غَيًّا - 19:59
إِلَّا مَن تَابَ وَآمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَأُولَٰئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ شَيْئًا - 19:60
SAHIH INTERNATIONAL
But there came after them successors who neglected prayer and pursued desires; so they are going to meet evil - Except those who repent, believe and do righteousness; for those will enter Paradise and will not be wronged at all.
In this verse, Allah is referring to some who shall arrive in later times. Allah mentions that they would not do their prayer. If they need mercy they are told to repent and do righteousness. The Creator who asks to seek for forgiveness here, did not mention to do the prayers that were missed. Therefore, the one who has missed prayer other than sleep and forgetfulness, they should seek for forgiveness from Allah and strive to pray continuously in the future.
Translated by: Abu Abdul Baari and Ummu Abdul Baari
Source நபிவழியில் தொழுகை சட்டங்கள் (Nabivazhiyil Thozhugay Sattangal) book by MI Muhammad Sulaiman, Aug 2015 edition, page 143-144
The original source (Tamizh): https://www.facebook.com/notes/thowheed-translations/tamizh-qadaa-prayer-fulfilling-missed-prayer/408408643003800/
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