[List of Contents - Rulings of prayer (Thozhugai sattangal book by MI Sulaiman)]
Movement of finger
During the seating of attahiyat, all the fingers except the index finger should be bent. And only the index finger should be stretched and moved. Then the sight should be placed towards the index finger.
وَحَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ رَافِعٍ، وَعَبْدُ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، قَالَ عَبْدٌ أَخْبَرَنَا وَقَالَ ابْنُ رَافِعٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ إِذَا جَلَسَ فِي الصَّلاَةِ وَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ وَرَفَعَ إِصْبَعَهُ الْيُمْنَى الَّتِي تَلِي الإِبْهَامَ فَدَعَا بِهَا وَيَدَهُ الْيُسْرَى عَلَى رُكْبَتِهِ الْيُسْرَى بَاسِطُهَا عَلَيْهَا .
Ibn 'Umar reported that when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sat for tashahhud he placed his left hand on his left knee. and his right hand on his right knee. and he raised his right finger, which is next to the thumb, making supplication in this way, and he stretched his left hand on his left knee.
Reference : Sahih Muslim 580a
In-book reference : Book 5, Hadith 147
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 4, Hadith 1203
(deprecated numbering scheme)
URL reference : https://sunnah.com/muslim:580a
879أَخْبَرَنَا سُوَيْدُ بْنُ نَصْرٍ قَالَ أَنْبَأَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُبَارَكِ عَنْ زَائِدَةَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي أَنَّ وَائِلَ بْنَ حُجْرٍ أَخْبَرَهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَأَنْظُرَنَّ إِلَى صَلَاةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَيْفَ يُصَلِّي فَنَظَرْتُ إِلَيْهِ فَقَامَ فَكَبَّرَ وَرَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ حَتَّى حَاذَتَا بِأُذُنَيْهِ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ يَدَهُ الْيُمْنَى عَلَى كَفِّهِ الْيُسْرَى وَالرُّسْغِ وَالسَّاعِدِ فَلَمَّا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَرْكَعَ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ مِثْلَهَا قَالَ وَوَضَعَ يَدَيْهِ عَلَى رُكْبَتَيْهِ ثُمَّ لَمَّا رَفَعَ رَأْسَهُ رَفَعَ يَدَيْهِ مِثْلَهَا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ فَجَعَلَ كَفَّيْهِ بِحِذَاءِ أُذُنَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَعَدَ وَافْتَرَشَ رِجْلَهُ الْيُسْرَى وَوَضَعَ كَفَّهُ الْيُسْرَى عَلَى فَخِذِهِ وَرُكْبَتِهِ الْيُسْرَى وَجَعَلَ حَدَّ مِرْفَقِهِ الْأَيْمَنِ عَلَى فَخِذِهِ الْيُمْنَى ثُمَّ قَبَضَ اثْنَتَيْنِ مِنْ أَصَابِعِهِ وَحَلَّقَ حَلْقَةً ثُمَّ رَفَعَ إِصْبَعَهُ فَرَأَيْتُهُ يُحَرِّكُهَا يَدْعُو بِهَا رواه النسائي
Wa'il bin Hujr said:
"I said: 'I am going to watch how the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prays.' So I watched him and he stood and said the takbir, and raised his hands until they were in the level with his ears, then he placed his right hand over his left hand, wrist and lower forearm. When he wanted to bow he raised his hands likewise. Then he prostrated and placed his hands in level with his ears. Then he sat up and placed his left leg under him; he put his left hand on his left thigh and knee, and he put the edge of his right elbow on his right thigh, then he held two of his fingers together and made a circle, and raised his forefinger, and I saw him moving it and supplicating with it."
Grade : Sahih (Darussalam)
Reference : Sunan an-Nasa'i 889
In-book reference : Book 11, Hadith 14
English translation : Vol. 2, Book 11, Hadith 890
URL reference : https://sunnah.com/nasai:889
This report was narrated by Al-Darimi 1323, Musnad Ahmad 18115, Ibn Husaymah Part 1; Page 354, Ibn Hibban Part 5; Page 170, Al-Tabarani Kabeer Part 22; Page 35, Al-Bayhaqi Part 1; Page 310, Sunanul Kubra Imam Nasai Part 1; Page 376, Ibn Al-Jaaroods Muntaqa Part 1; Page 62.
The criticism and explanation
Asim bin Kulaib is one of the announcers of the hadith related to the movement of finger. Ibn al Madini criticized him, saying, "If he declares a hadith alone, it should not be accepted as evidence." Based on this, some say that the hadith about movement of finger is weak. This is wrong.
If there is a shortcoming about an announcer, it should be made clear what the shortcoming is. Only then should it be considered and then accepted if it is verified to be valid. Especially when many have said that someone is good, significant, and trustworthy, the critic should clarify his shortcoming. Otherwise, his critique will be rejected.
In view of this, Asim bin Kulaib has been praised by everyone except Ibn al-Madinah, as being trustworthy. Ibn al-Madinah, who criticizes him in this case, says that he should not be taken as a source if he declares alone. But did not submit the relevant evidence. Ibn al-Madinah's critique therefore loses its merit.
Some deny that the hadith (message) related to moving the finger (during the tashahhud) belongs to the shaddh (irregular) type.
In contrary to a most reliable reporter, the hadith announced by a less reliable reporter announces the hadith. In contrary to many reliable reporters, the hadith announced by a smaller number of reporters. These are called as shaddh in the art of hadith science.
There are way many reporters in count announcing that he did ‘ishara’, compared to the count of reporters of the hadith related to movement of finger. So they claim the hadith related to moving of finger is ‘shaddh’ of being a deniable one in nature.
This criticism is also misleading.
The hadith that he did ‘ishara’ and the hadith that he was ‘moving’; It is a mistake that comes from considering they both are contradictory.
The word ‘ishara’ means gesturing. That is, it is called a gesture to express a hadith without using a word.
Sometimes the ‘ishara’ comprises also of physical movements. The ‘ishara’ can also be established without physical movements as well.
Where is the masjid? When asked a person, he would point his finger in the direction of the masjid. He points his finger at the direction of the masjid without making any movement. It is a motionless gesture.
When warning someone along the line that one will be made to pay the price, the forefinger will be repeatedly moved while warning. This is a ‘ishara’ with movement.
If the hadith ‘The Prophet (saws) did ishara’ contradicts the hadith of ‘moved his fingers’, then that hadith will obtain the status of shaddh. But the hadith that he did the ishara does not contradict the hadith of moving his finger in any manner.
Because they misinterpret ‘ishara’ as to be ‘not moving’; thereby declaring it shaddh category, as it contradicts with the hadith of ‘movement of finger’.
The word ‘ishara’ means,
Expressing an opinion by movement
Expressing an opinion without movement
Has two meanings.
The hadith ‘he moved the finger’ clarifies which of the two meanings should be given to the hadith that he did ‘ishara’.
For the word ‘ishara’ which has a broader meaning, the ‘movement of finger’ hadith of Prophet (pbuh) gives further details of its meaning in which sense it was being practiced.
So, since the two hadiths do not conflict with each other. Therefore, it does not belong to the ‘shaddh’ category.
There is a hadith in Abu Dawood and Nasai that he will not move the finger. Based on this hadith, some argue that the finger should not be moved.
That hadith in the books of Abu Dawood and Nasai contains a person named Muhammad ibn 'Ajlan. He has been criticized by many, including Imam Hakim, for being "deficient in memory". This is why Imam Muslim did not record the hadiths where he was present as a separate source. His messages will be recorded only if the other trustworthy have narrated the hadiths in accordance with his statement. So because the hadith that he will not move is weak; Based on this, it cannot be argued that ‘movement of finger should not be done’.
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